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Paper   IPM / Astronomy / 18189
School of Astronomy
  Title:   A panchromatic view of N2CLS GOODS-N: The evolution of the dust cosmic density since z ∼ 7
  Author(s): 
1.  S. Berta,
2.  G. Lagache
3.  A. Beelen
4.  R. Adam
5.  P. Ade
6.  H. Ajeddig
7.  S. Amarantidis
8.  P. André
9.  H. Aussel
10.  A. Benoît
11.  M. Bethermin
12.  L.J. Bing
13.  A. Bongiovanni
14.  J. Bounmy
15.  O. Bourrion
16.  M. Calvo
17.  A. Catalano
18.  D. Chérouvrier
19.  L. Ciesla
20.  M. De Petris
21.  F.X. Désert
22.  S. Doyle
23.  E.F.C. Driessen
24.  G. Ejlali
25.  D. Elbaz
26.  A. Ferragamo
27.  A. Gomez
28.  J. Gomez
29.  C. Hanser
30.  S. Katsioli
31.  F. Mayet
32.  C. Kramer
33.  B. Ladjelate
34.  G. Lagache
35.  S. Leclercq
36.  J.F. Lestrade
37.  J.F. Macías-Pérez
38.  S.C. Madden
39.  A. Maury
40.  P. Mauskopf
41.  F. Mayet
42.  J.B. Melin
43.  A. Monfardini
44.  A. Moyer-Anin
45.  M. Muñoz-Echeverría
46.  L. Perotto
47.  G. Pisano
48.  E. Pointecouteau
49.  N. Ponthieu
50.  G.W. Pratt
51.  V. Revéret
52.  A.J. Rigby
53.  A. Ritacco
54.  C. Romero
55.  H. Roussel
56.  F. Ruppin
57.  K. Schuster
58.  A. Sievers
59.  C. Tucker
60.  R. Wicker
61.  R. Zylka
  Status:   Published
  Journal: Astronomy & Astrophysics
  No.:  193
  Vol.:  696
  Year:  2025
  Pages:   1-48
  Supported by:  IPM
  Abstract:
To understand early star formation, it is essential to determine the dust mass budget of high-redshift galaxies. Sub-millimeter rest-frame emission, dominated by cold dust, is an unbiased tracer of dust mass. The New IRAM KID Arrays 2 (NIKA2) conducted a deep blank field survey at 1.2 and 2.0 mm in the GOODS-N field as part of the NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (N2CLS), detecting 65 sources with S/N ≥ 4.2. Thanks to a dedicated interferometric program with NOEMA and other high-angular resolution data, we identified the multi-wavelength counterparts of these sources and resolved them into 71 individual galaxies. We built detailed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and assigned a redshift to 68 of them over the range 0.6 < z < 7.2. We fit these SEDs using modified blackbody and Draine & Li (2007, ApJ, 657, 810) models and the panchromatic approaches MAGPHYS, CIGALE, and SED3FIT, thus deriving their dust mass (Mdust), infrared luminosity (LIR), and stellar mass (M⋆). Eight galaxies require an active galactic nucleus torus component, and another six require an unextinguished young stellar population. A significant fraction of our galaxies are classified as starbursts based on their position on the M⋆ versus star formation rate plane or their depletion timescales. We computed the dust mass function in three redshift bins (1.6 < z ≤ 2.4, 2.4 < z ≤ 4.2 and 4.2 < z ≤ 7.2) and determined the Schechter function that best describes it. The dust cosmic density, ρdust, increases by at least an order of magnitude from z ∼ 7 to z ∼ 1.5, as predicted by theoretical works. At lower redshifts, the evolution flattens. Nonetheless, significant differences exist between results obtained with different selections and methods. The superb GOODS-N data set enabled a systematic investigation into the dust properties of distant galaxies. N2CLS holds promise for combining these deep field findings with the wide COSMOS field into a self-consistent analysis of dust in galaxies both near and far

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