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| Paper IPM / P / 17145 |
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Germanene has attracted much attention because the material was predicted to host Dirac fermions. However, the synthesis of germanene is still in its infancy; moreover, the predicted tiny bandgap induced by the spinâ??orbit coupling is far from practical applications for nanoelectronic devices. Herein, quasi-freestanding germanene with linear dispersion relation of the band structure is well grown on a WSe$_2$/Au(100) substrate.
Band structure calculations reveal that the interaction of germanene with the substrate destroys the sublattice symmetry. The energy-dependent contribution of $\sigma$ orbitals responsible for band crossing at the Fermi level around the $\Gamma$ point induces
asymmetric density of states at the Dirac point. Upon annealing in ultra-high vacuum, we observe a bandgap opening in germanene of about $\sim$0.17 eV, which is attributed to a sublattice symmetry breaking in germanene and the emergence of a net electric field. This work provides
an effective method to tune or tailor the electronic properties of germanene, paving the way to germanene-based field-effect applications.
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